Under the language arts discipline are phonics, reading, oral and written expression, spelling, and handwriting (manuscript and cursive). Students continue to focus on phonics to solidify their decoding skills which enhance reading fluency and comprehension. Integrated with the phonics program is spelling. Both occur daily. Through reading instruction, students gain a better understanding of how letters and sounds become words. Using fiction or nonfiction text has the students reading a variety of genres while practicing strategies to support reading comprehension. The students identify literary elements within each as well as strengthen critical thinking. By incorporating stories into the writing program, students practice writing with a purpose and English grammar rules. Projects vary in format giving ample opportunity for oral, written, or technology-based presentations.